The cyborgs are coming!

2015-10-05

By China Daily - Wang Yuke

Robots who care

While the Oxford study inferred a negative relationship between the level of education or specialized skills and an occupation’s likelihood of being computerized, technology’s disruptive influence will likely sweep the whole workforce, as more and more applicants apply for fewer and fewer jobs.

Automation already has made its way into local rehabilitation centers, where machines are able to assist the disabled to recover motor abilities. “In the past, one therapist could handle only one or two patients. Now with the introduction of rehabilitation devices, one therapist can supervise three to four patients,” said Hazel Kwong, international sales manager of Rehab-Robotics. The company supplies therapeutic devices to six Hong Kong medical institutions, mainly assisting stroke survivors to recover their mobility.

Today’s rehabilitation therapist evaluates the patient and customizes a training program. Then the machine goes to work and the therapist moves to the next patient.

Improvement through automation readily translates into reduced manpower. Major companies love it. They can shed costs and be more competitive in the globalized economy.

Jean Woo, chairman of the Department of Medicine and Therapeutics at CUHK, said, “There is an emerging role for automated or robotic technologies to take over some caring tasks, which traditionally are provided by people. There always was a shortage of caregivers, to do cleaning and lifting.” She says the current lack of staff contributes to poor quality of care, so we resort to machines to relieve the problem. “Tasks that may be fully automated are meal trolleys, clean dirty linen trolleys, patient transfer from one place to another,” Woo considered.

The number of bank tellers has shrunk dramatically since the ATM (automated teller machine), observes Linus Yip Sheung-chi, chief strategist of Hong Kong-based First Shanghai Securities, Ltd. Yip, who has been in the financial field for more than 20 years, notes that physical stock settlement deliveries and custodians who held securities and other assets were completely replaced by automation by 2000.

The number of office staff has already dropped significantly as the result of big data technology, and that trend will continue, said Tang Sing-hing, CEO of Jun Yang Securities Company, Ltd. “Jobs in the back office are all about data storage and are fact based. They require little thought or subjective judgment. The computer is more reliable than humans.”

Tang projected that settlement clerks, whose job involves compiling data, computing fees and preparing invoices, will be replaced wholesale within 30 years.

Liu Hai, research associate professor of Computer Science at Hong Kong Baptist University, said anesthesiologists, who usually charge high fees, stand the risk of being replaced by anesthesia robots. A machine called Sedasys, rendering such service, has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration.

Joe Fan King-man, a colorectal surgery consultant from the University of Hong Kong, told China Daily that five hospitals in Hong Kong have successfully employed surgical robots to perform minimally invasive surgery. For surgeons, a shaky hand is unavoidable during operations, but can be especially troublesome during minimally invasive surgery. “A robot with steady hands comes as a solution,” says Fan. “The other advantage of the robot over humans is it can probe and reach deeper body structures and organs unreachable by surgeons.”

Fan hastened to add that the robot is controlled by surgeons behind the stage at the consoles. He is not convinced the surgical robot ever will be able to work independently. “The whole process will still rely on surgeons to manipulate the robot.”

But Fan envisages that staff in pharmaceutical dispensaries and nurses helping with basic health examinations will become redundant.

Safer vocations

Workers whose skills cannot be replaced by machines are relatively safe.

Professions dependent on subjective judgment, interpersonal communication, creativity and professional skills can hardly be replaced by machines, said Leung.

Kwong, the sales manager of the Rehab-Robotics, stressed that the rehab devices just act as supplements to professional therapists. “We still need therapists to instruct patients how to properly use the device.”

Therapists need to correct patients’ posture from time to time, otherwise the efficacy would diminish.

“Patients won’t be able to operate the machine without guidance from professional trainers,” said Kwong. “For example, a patient is already able to do hand-grasping motion and needs to practice opening the hand. But without a therapist monitoring his progress, he may not realize that.”

Dr Fan also opines that robots can never fully substitute for doctors because a medical procedure cannot be achieved without professional knowledge, conscious analysis and hands-on experience.

Poon Chung-yan, research assistant professor specializing in electronic engineering at CUHK, believes human brains are still superior in analyzing and handling complex situations. Poon said human beings can learn a skill set based on existing skills rather than acquiring everything from scratch every time as, unlike robots, human brains have neuroplasticity.

Jobs requiring innovative and creative minds appear most secure in almost any field, according to the Oxford Martin research. “Machines can’t match humans in creative fields,” Leung said, “We can’t teach a computer aesthetics, or how to think outside the box.”

Source: China Daily